Kompletna sveska spremljena za lako preuzimanje

• Redakcija 2024. godine

Sadržaj

• Redakcija 2024. godine

The Rights of Minority Women Before the European Court of Human Rights: Critical review in light of the practice of the UN Human Rights Comitee and other international human rights bodiesWomen from ethnic, national, religious, and cultural minorities face distinct legal challenges in their struggle for gender equality. They are at constant risk of multiple discrimination as minority women, particularly with regard to their identity and religious rights. This is evident in matters of inheritance, wearing religious items in public, and issues related to sexual and domestic violence. International approaches to this problem are fragmented, with the ECtHR, UN HRC, and other international human rights bodies taking different approaches. This article will critically discuss the status of minority women’s rights in the jurisprudence of the ECtHR and will reflect on what the Court could learn from the practices of the UN HRC and other international human rights bodies.

• Ivana Jelić [ Judge of the European Court of Human Rights, Section President and Vice President Elect ]

Artificial Reason and Artificial Intelligence: the Legal Reasoning Capabilities of GPT-4 Despite the widespread adoption of generative transformer large language models and the interest of the global legal community, discussions about the models in philosophy of law mainly have been focusing on what LLMs cannot do. In making the first steps towards a philosophical analysis of the capabilities of AI models in the field of law, we follow the basic idea of Turing’s „imitation game“. Proceeding from the frequently raised characterization of legal reasoning as „artificial“, the paper identifies the undisputed minimum core of the „artificiality“ thesis and asks to what extent it can be imitated by artificial intelligence. To answer this question, we test the legal reasoning capabilities of ChatGPT, the most advanced, up-to-date LLM version of artificial intelligence. The conclusion is that in all relevant types of activities usually associated with legal reasoning – fact-finding, interpretation, qualification, and decision making – ChatGPT can generate outcomes as if it reasons legally.

• Bojan SPAIĆ [ Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu ]
• Miodrag A. JOVANOVIĆ [ Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu ]

Intersex Rights in the Western Balkans And GreeceIn 2022 Greece became the fifth country in the world to ban harmful interventions and treatments on intersex infants and children. Previously, Malta, Portugal, Germany and Iceland also legally banned harmful interventions on intersex persons. A crucial difference between Greece and the rest of the aforementioned countries is that it is a Christian Orthodox country located in Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Drawing from a contextual approach to law, in this comparative analysis the authors will use „contextuality“ to explore the meaning behind legal developments that took place in Greece regarding intersex rights and how they could potentially impact the overall situation of intersex rights in the Balkans. In addition, with this paper the authors seek to relocate the dominant focus of intersex rights from Western and Northern Europe with the aim to boost awareness of intersex issues in the Western Balkan region, especially Serbia.

• Nikoletta Pikramenou [ University of Warsaw Krakowskie Przedmieście, Poland ]
• Jelena Simić [ Pravni fakultet Univerziteta Union, Srbija ]

Comparative View of Public Promise of RewardA public promise of reward occurs when an individual publicly promises a reward to an unspecified number of people, achieving a certain outcome. Nevertheless, further discussion is limited without considering the applicable law. Legislators address in different ways the arousal of promisor’s obligation, its nature, and the mechanisms of protection for the performer’s interests. The cause of these drastic differences lies in the legislator’s (dis)approval of a unilateral declaration of intent as a source of obligation. If it is acknowledged that a unilateral declaration of intent can obligate the declarant, a public promise of reward is considered a unilateral legal act. This interpretation is upheld in Germanic, Swiss, and Italian law. Conversely, in legal systems where this view is not accepted, the public promise of a reward is treated as an offer to form a contract. Notable examples of such legal systems are the English and French law.

• Ksenija Džipković [ Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Srbija ]

Elements of Statehood of the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945)The historical phenomenon of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) is subjected to a basic legal theory analysis, which showed that this Nazi creation, at least to a minimal extent, possessed all the elements of statehood. On a large part of its territory, the Ustasha regime had a monopoly of physical force and was able to implement its basic political purposes. In this regard, the organization of terror against a large number of its inhabitants, which implied a completely new legislation, the formation of new judicial, police and other authorities, the organization of the camp system and railway transport, etc., proves a sufficient measure of the efficiency and regularity of the actions of the NDH state government. Such action produced wartime chaos, which eventually resulted in the loss of elements of statehood, with the creation of a new Yugoslav state in its territory.

• Miloš Zdravković [ Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Srbija ]

Kontrola odluke o izboru na sudijsku funkciju u postupku pred Ustavnim sudomPromene Ustava iz 2022. godine i pravosudni zakoni koji su doneti godinu dana kasnije značajno su izmenili postupak za izbor sudija. Ukinut je prvi (probni) izbor na period od tri godine, izbor sudija svih sudova stavljen je u nadležnost Visokog saveta sudstva i predviđena je mogućnost podnošenja pravnog sredstva protiv odluke o izboru na sudijsku funkciju. Protiv te odluke kandidat ima pravo da Ustavnom sudu podnese žalbu, koja isključuje pravo na podnošenje ustavne žalbe. Tako je Ustavni sud došao u poziciju da kontroliše odluke o izboru na sudijsku funkciju koje donosi Visoki savet sudstva. U tekstu ćemo analizirati prvu odluku koju je Ustavni sud doneo povodom žalbe protiv odluke o izboru na sudijsku funkciju, a stavovi koji su u toj odluci sadržani biće dosledno primenjivani i u kasnijim odlukama Ustavnog suda.

• Nikola Bodiroga [ Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Srbija ]

Hershovitz, Scott. 2023. Law Is a Moral Practice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 256.

• Kenneth Einar Himma [ Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska ]

Kertzer, David I. 2022. The Pope at War: The Secret History of Pius XII, Mussolini, and Hitler. New York: Random House, 788.

• Boris Begović [ Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Srbija ]