Članak
sep 30
Nazad

ŠTETNO DEJSTVO ARBITRAŽNOG REŠAVANJA SPOROVA IZ INTERNIH SPORAZUMA EVROPSKE UNIJE O ZAŠTITI STRANIH INVESTICIJA NA PRAVNI POREDAK EVROPSKE UNIJE

Radovan D. Vukadinović

10.5937/AnaliPFB1703050V
SAŽETAK /

Zaštita stranih investicija se, po pravilu, obezbeđuje bilateralnim sporazumima o zaštiti stranih investicija (BIT) koje zaključuju zainteresovane države. U njima se stranim investitorima pružaju materijalnopravne i procesnopravne garancije. U materijalnom smislu, stranim investitorima se garantuje standard zaštite protiv direktne i indirektne eksproprijacije. U procesnom smislu, nudi im se mogućnost da protiv države domaćina neposredno pokrenu arbitražni postupak, tj. da koriste mehanizam za rešavanje sporova između država i investitora, koji se skraćeno označava kao ISDS mehanizam. ISDS mehanizam je u početku smatran efikasnim načinom da se prevaziđe nepoverenje u nepristrasnost sudova države domaćina. Praksa je, međutim, pokazala da su arbitražni tribunali često širokim tumačenjem saglasnosti strana na ISDS mehanizam praktično širili svoju nadležnost i mogućnost da BIT-ove kvalifikuju kao međunarodne ugovore, čime je ponovo pokrenuto pitanje odnosa prava Evropske unije i međunarodnog prava. Arbitražnim odlukama, u kojima su prednost davali međunarodnom pravu, dovedeni su u pitanje jedinstvo prava EU i njegov autonomni karakter. Stoga je Evropska komisija smatrala da bi u tumačenju spornih odredaba BIT-ova prednost trebalo dati pravu EU i njihovu punovažnost ocenjivati u skladu sa pravom EU. Pitanje je posebno aktuelizovano nakon velikog talasa proširenja, 2004. godine, posebno kod tzv. internih BIT-ova.

U radu autor polazi od teze da interni BIT-ovi kao međunarodni ugovori spadaju u izvore prava EU i da bi nadležnost za njihovo tumačenje trebalo poveriti Sudu pravde, kako se ne bi ugrozili jedinstvo pravnog poretka EU i njegov autonomni karakter. Sa tim ciljem je u uvodnom delu rada analizirana pravna priroda bilateralnih sporazuma kao izvora i okvira zaštite stranih investicija i njihovo mesto u pravu EU. U drugom delu su analizirani stavovi organa EU i investicionih arbitražnih tribunala i dejstvo arbitražnih odluka na načelo autonomije i pravno jedinstvo prava EU.

ČLANAK JE RASPOLOŽIV NA /
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