Vladimir Pavić, Milena Đorđević
10.51204/Anali_PFBU_21302A
This paper addresses the notion and legal framework for virtual hearings in international arbitration. The authors first examine the existing laws in different jurisdictions and how they tackle the issue both when it comes to litigation and when it comes to arbitration, followed by analyses of various institutional arbitration rules, including recent changes thereof and pertinent case law on the matter. They further examine the general idea of a virtual setting for the hearing against legal and technical objections frequently encountered in practice. In particular, the interplay of technical capabilities and legal standards such as “due process” and the “right to present one’s case” is assessed. Finally, the authors identify possible pathways to replacing the classical in-person hearing with the virtual one and the key legal and practical considerations to be assessed before deciding to proceed with it.
- Abdel Wahab, Mohamed S. 2020. The Egyptian Court of Cassation Sets Standards and Affirms Arbitration-Friendly Principles and Trends in a Ground-Breaking Judgment. http://arbitrationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2020/12/22/the-egyptian-court-of-cassation-sets-standards-and-affirms-arbitration-friendly-principles-and-trends-in-a-ground-breaking-judgment/ (last visited 27 July, 2021).
- Bert, Peter. 2020. Remote Courts in Germany. http://www.disputeresolutiongermany.com/2020/05/remote-courts-in-germany/ (last visited 27 July, 2021).
- Born, Gary B., Anneliese Day, Hafez Virjee. 2020. Chapter 7: Empirical Study of Experiences with Remote Hearings: A Survey of Users’ Views. International Arbitration and the COVID-19 Revolution, edited by Maxi Scherer, Niuscha Bassiri, and Mohamed S. Abdel Wahab. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International.
- Borris, Christian, Rudolf Hennecke. 2012. Article V. New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards – Commentary, edited by Reinmar Wolff. Munich: CH Beck-Hart-Nomos.
- Campolieti, Federico. 2020. Does a Right to a Physical Hearing Exist in International Arbitration? Report for Argentina. https://cdn.arbitration-icca.org/s3fs-public/document/media_document/Argentina-Right-to-a-Physical-Hearing-Report.pdf (last visited 27 July, 2021).
- Dundas, Hew R., Nguyễn Thị Thu Trang, Nguyễn Thị Mai Anh. 2020. Does a Right to a Physical Hearing Exist in International Arbitration? Report for Vietnam. https://cdn.arbitration-icca.org/s3fs-public/document/
media_document/Vietnam-Right-to-a-Physical-Hearing-Report-0.pdf (last visited 27 July, 2021). - Elgueta, Giacomo Rojas, Benedetta Mauro. 2020. Does a Right to a Physical Hearing Exist in International Arbitration Report for Italy. https://cdn.arbitration-icca.org/s3fs-public/document/media_document/Italy-
Right-to-a-Physical-Hearing-Report_1.pdf (last visited 27 July, 2021). - Fanou, Maria, Kiran Nasir Gore. 2021. 2020 in Review: The Year of Virtual Hearings. http://arbitrationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2021/02/02/20
20-in-review-the-year-of-virtual-hearings/ (last visited 27 July, 2021). - Holtzmann, Howard, Joseph Neuhaus. 1994. A Guide to the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration: Legislative History and Commentary. Deventer – Boston: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers.
- Hosking, James, Yasmine Lahlou, Marcel Engholm Cardoso. Does a Right to a Physical Hearing Exist in International Arbitration? Report for the United States. https://cdn.arbitration-icca.org/s3fs-public/document/media_document/USA-Right-to-a-Physical-Hearing-Report.PDF (last visited 27
July, 2021). - Jana, Andrés, Angie Armer, Johanna Klein Kranenberg. 2010. Article V(1)(b). Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards – A Global Commentary on the New York Convention, edited by Herbert Kronke, Patricia Nacimiento, Dirk Otto, and Nicola Christine Port. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International.
- Kanokanga, Davison, Tafadzwa Pasipanodya. 2020. Does a Right to a Physical Hearing Exist in International Arbitration? Report for Zimbabwe. https://cdn.arbitration-icca.org/s3fs-public/document/media_document
/Zimbabwe-Right-to-a-Physical-Hearing-Report.pdf (last visited 27 July, 2021). - Lew, Julian, Loukas Mistelis, Stefan Kröll. 2003. Comparative International Commercial Arbitration. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
- Mak, Yvonne. 2020. Do Virtual Hearings Without Parties’ Agreement Contravene Due Process? The View from Singapore. (last visited 27 July 2021).
- Martinez, Lucy, Jay Tseng. 2020. Does a Right to a Physical Hearing Exist in International Arbitration? Report for Australia. https://cdn.arbitration-icca.org/s3fs-public/document/media_document/Australia-Right-to-a-Physical-Hearing-Report.pdf (last visited 27 July, 2021).
- Marzolini, Paolo, Daniel Durante. 2021. Does a Right to a Physical Hearing Exist in International Arbitration. Report for Switzerland. https://cdn.arbitration-icca.org/s3fs-public/document/media_document/
Switzerland-Right-To-A-Physical-Hearing-Report.pdf (last visited 27 July, 2021). - Maucher, Barbara, Anke Meier. 2021. Does a Right to a Physical Hearing Exist in International Arbitration? Report for Germany. https://cdn.arbitration-icca.org/s3fs-public/document/media_document/Germany-Right-To-A-Physical-Hearing-Report.pdf (last visited 27 July, 2021).
- Nacimiento, Patricia. 2010. Article V(1)(d). Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards – A Global Commentary on the New York Convention, edited by Herbert Kronke, Patricia Nacimiento, Dirk Otto, and Nicola Christine Port. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International.
- Nikolić, Andrea. 2021. Virtual hearings in international arbitration. Armageddon or new normal? Arbitraje Y Nuevas Technologías, edited by Jhoel Chipana Catalán and Mauricio Duarte Lau. Lima: Thēmis.
- Scherer, Maxi, Franz Schwarz, Helmut Ortner, J. Ole Jensen. 2020. In a ‘First’ Worldwide, Austrian Supreme Court Confirms Arbitral Tribunal’s Power to Hold Remote Hearings Over One Party’s Objection and Rejects Due Process Concerns. http://arbitrationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2020/
10/24/in-a-first-worldwide-austrian-supreme-court-confirms-arbitral-tribunals-power-to-hold-remote-hearings-over-one-partys-objection-and-rejects-due-process-concerns/ (last visited 27 July, 2021). - Scherer, Maxi. 2012. Article V. New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards – Commentary, edited by Reinmar Wolff. Munich: CH Beck-Hart-Nomos. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845259130_258
- Scherer, Maxi, 2020a. Chapter 4: The Legal Framework of Remote Hearings. International Arbitration and the COVID-19 Revolution, edited by Maxi Scherer, Niuscha Bassiri, and Mohamed S. Abdel Wahab. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law.
- Scherer, Maxi. 2020b. Remote Hearings in International Arbitration: An analytical Framework. Journal of International Arbitration, Volume 37, Issue 4.
- Schroeder, Catherine. 2020. COVID-19: What Impact on Arbitrators? ICC Dispute Resolution Bulletin No. 3.
- Schwarz, Franz, Helmut Ortner. 2021. Does a Right to a Physical Hearing Exist in International Arbitration? Report for Austria. https://cdn.arbitration-icca.org/s3fs-public/document/media_document/Austria-Right-To-A-Physical-Hearing-Report.pdf (last visited 27 July, 2021).
- Shaughnessy, Patricia. 2020. Initiating and Administering Arbitration Remotely. International Arbitration and the COVID-19 Revolution, edited by Maxi Scherer, Niuscha Bassiri, and Mohamed S. Abdel Wahab. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law.
- Stein, Erica. 2020. Chapter 9: Challenges to Remote Arbitration Awards in Setting Aside and Enforcement Proceedings. International Arbitration and the COVID-19 Revolution, edited by Maxi Scherer, Niuscha Bassiri, and Mohamed S. Abdel Wahab. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law.
- The Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Research Directorate. 2020. Virtual Civil Trials: LL File No. 2020–018927. https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=838061 (last visited 27 July, 2021).
- Wilske, Stephan. 2020. The Impact of COVID-19 on International Arbitration – Hiccup or Turning Point? Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal 13(1).
- Zaugg, Niklaus. 2021. Imposing Virtual Arbitration Hearings in Times of COVID-19: The Swiss Perspective. http://arbitrationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2021/01/14/imposing-virtual-arbitration-hearings-in-times-of-covid-19-the-swiss-perspective/ (last visited 27 July, 2021).
Comments are closed.